Dans son livre le plus récent, Pour un traitement interdisciplinaire des représentations et idéologies sociolinguistiques, Henri Boyer propose une réflexion approfondie sur les représentations sociales et les idéologies linguistiques, en mettant en avant la nécessité d'une approche interdisciplinaire. S'inscrivant dans le champ de la sociolinguistique, le livre s'appuie également sur les apports de la psychologie sociale, de l'anthropologie et des sciences cognitives afin de mieux comprendre les rapports complexes que les sociétés entretiennent avec les langues. L'auteur montre que les représentations sociolinguistiques jouent un rôle central dans la construction des attitudes linguistiques, des comportements langagiers et des politiques linguistiques. Ces représentations, partagées collectivement, influencent la valorisation ou la dévalorisation des langues et participent à l'instauration de hiérarchies linguistiques.

L'ouvrage s'appuie sur les recherches que l'auteur a entreprises à partir des années 1990 dans le domaine des représentations collectives et des idéologies sociolinguistiques et réalise une synthèse en 11 chapitres des principaux thèmes abordés au long de sa carrière. Le livre commence par une partie théorique, « Préalables », où il reprend des notions et des concepts clés comme celui de représentation, stéréotype, idéologie, imaginaire, comportements, à partir des recherches de la psychologie sociale et de la sociologie d'Abric, de Doise et de Jodelet pour continuer avec une analyse des fonctionnements médiatiques du stéréotype, « économe, stable, consensuel : autant de qualités qui rendent le stéréotype communicationnellement rentable » (p. 20).

This article analyses disinformation and Russian influence in the Republic of Moldova through a semantic-pragmatic approach to propaganda discourse. It examines the discursive strategies used to steer public opinion and influence the perception of political and geopolitical events. The study draws on a corpus of media discourses that highlight the linguistic mechanisms of disinformation, including lexical manipulation, euphemisms, ideological metaphors, and argumentative frames. The semantic analysis reveals the recurrence of connoted key terms used to polarize the discourse and reinforce narratives favorable to Russian interests. On a pragmatic level, the article identifies strategic speech acts, such as persuasion, intimidation, or victimization, that shape the reception of the propaganda message. The repetition of certain discursive structures and the use of biased historical references contribute to the legitimization of pro-Russian positions and the delegitimization of pro-European actors. The article highlights the impact of these strategies on Moldovan society and underlines the need for media literacy and increased vigilance against information manipulation. In conclusion, it proposes avenues of reflection to counter disinformation and strengthen democratic resilience in the Republic of Moldova against foreign interference. This work contributes to research on propaganda and disinformation, emphasizing the importance of in-depth linguistic analysis to better understand and deconstruct these phenomena. It is imperative for political, educational and media actors to harmonise their efforts and develop strategies to build resilience to this form of manipulation by strengthening the public's ability to discern and promoting media literacy.

This study analyzes the intentional discursive interferences achieved through phraseological intertextuality in the Romanian press between 2016 and 2025, in order to highlight the importance of these discursive markers in influencing and persuading the public. Cconsisting of 100 fixed constructions extracted from the general press in both canonical and modified forms, belonging to the category of proverbs and expressions, the corpus was examined through the mechanisms described by Quintilian: adiectio (addition), immutatio (substitution), detractio (deletion), transmutatio (transmutation), and was correlated with the pragmatic functions of information, evaluation, and irony. Mapping thematic “reframings” through figures of speech highlights the fact that in the generalist news media, especially when the change is unintentional, adiectio predominates (62% of occurrences), while in the opinion press, the functions of evaluation and irony are activated, expressed through immutatio (25%) and detractio (12%), while transmutatio plays a marginal role. With regard to the linguistic indicators used to update pragmatic functions in journalistic discourse, in the case of the informative function, we observe the use of action verbs (adopts, announces, obliges, chooses, verifies), numerals, and abbreviations. The evaluative and ironic functions are expressed mainly through the use of immutatio and detractio, through the use of adjectives, adverbs, verbs with evaluative meaning, and the expressive use of punctuation marks. In the case of the phraseological intertext intentionally modified by immutatio, it serves for ironic evaluation in the cultural and political sphere, with the marking of the target domain, and the proverbial truncation by detractio usually produces a negative evaluation effect.

The contemporary linguistic reality, in which language, discourse and society are co-constructed, highlights the increasing permeability of discursive boundaries. This situation leads to phenomena of hybridisation and discursive mutation that make it difficult to construct homogeneous corpora and strictly classify genres. Drawing on work in sociolinguistics and discourse analysis, as well as research conducted as part of the Carnets du Cediscor, this article offers a theoretical reflection on the notion of discursive hybridisation, relating it to the concepts of interdiscursivity and generic mutation. In the first part, we define hybridisation as a process whereby elements from different discursive spheres (scientific, media, political, everyday) combine within a single act of communication, producing mixed forms that are difficult to classify. We show that this hybridisation is particularly evident in the media, an interface between specialist knowledge and non-expert audiences, particularly in the media coverage of health or environmental crises. Recent examples, such as the circulation of medical terminology during the COVID-19 pandemic, illustrate how scientific vocabulary takes on political and moral values when it is used in public debate. In the second part, we examine the methodological and epistemological issues that these hybrid configurations pose for the constitution of corpora and the description of discursive genres. Finally, we put forward the hypothesis that interdisciplinarity and interculturality are essential heuristic frameworks for analysing these contemporary language practices: the former by articulating the contributions of linguistics, sociology, political science and cultural studies; the latter by taking into account the variation in forms of hybridisation from one linguistic and cultural space to another.

In the present work, we will discuss the discursive behavior of certain markers that indicate otherness, the overlapping of voices, and the oscillation between explicit and implicit. We are referring to those fragments that stand out from the rest of the text through italics or quotation marks, thus acquiring new contextual meanings. It may be a form of reported speech, an ironic content, or an allusion. All of these trigger a process of interpretation on the part of the reader. We find it important to study how their translation has consequences, especially in literary texts, on the polyphonic nature of discourse. Translating the polyphonic space of a text into prose has always been a challenge. Interpreting polyphonic constructions often leads to the partial reconstruction of the text. From the point of view of enunciation, the translator of a polyphonic text is obliged to mobilize all their linguistic and socio-cultural resources. The mixture of voices that characterizes the discourse to be translated requires taking into account subjectivity, implicit meanings, and the reading pact that the author has established. It is undeniable that transposing certain linguistic contents, from which the author seems to distance themselves by putting them in quotation marks or italics, is a challenge for any translator. We will closely observe how such structures have been rendered in the translation of several novellas by Mircea Cărtărescu, collected in the volume Why We Love Women, translated by Laure Hinckel. The expressive rendering of the polyphonic dimension of the discourse undoubtedly represents the best evidence of a translator's pragmatic skills.

This article aims to explore how heroism is constructed and represented through a complex network of multimodal and discursive strategies in the animated film Onward (Pixar, 2020). The research brings to the fore elements specific to the epic tradition and registers marked by intimacy, fragility, and affectivity, characteristic of contemporary sensibilities. From this perspective, heroism is configured as a shared experience, marked by tensions and negotiations between the spectacular and the emotional, as well as between the mythical and the ordinary. The analytical approach is based on the classification of visual codes proposed by Gambier, which allows highlighting the expressive role of visual effects and corporeality in articulating a heroic imaginary. The animated frame is a privileged terrain in which visual expressiveness and textural details give tangible consistency to the fantastical universe. Multimodal analysis shows that the redistribution of heroism between the two brothers occurs through a constant dialogue between visual and verbal codes. The research shows that the image becomes an active agent of meaning, transforming the narrative experience into a form of hybrid communication. The animated film revisits the theories of classical heroism, but adapts and transforms them into a contemporary, ironic, trivialized setting, where the fantastic is embodied with the real and magic with technology. The result is a representation of heroism that transcends the paradigm of solitary greatness and is defined by discursive hybridity: epic and confessional, spectacular and fragile. Through this approach, the film offers a reinterpretation of the contemporary heroic imagination, in which affectivity and solidarity become constitutive forces of adventure for both child and adult audiences.

This article examines discursive interference between Italian and English as a structural effect of the growing dominance of English as a global lingua franca and Globish. Moving beyond a purely lexical focus on borrowings and calques, it adopts a discourse-analytic and intercultural-pragmatic perspective to investigate how contact with English reshapes Italian at the lexical, syntactic, pragmatic, and textual levels. After outlining the theoretical frameworks of contact linguistics, intercultural pragmatics, and language ideologies, the study describes the asymmetrical nature of Italo-English contact, driven by social, cultural, and cognitive factors, as well as by the prestige of English as a language of innovation, efficiency, and status. Empirically, the article surveys significant interference types: lexical borrowings and hybrid formations, syntactic calques, shifts in politeness strategies and implicitness, and the adoption of Anglophone textual models in professional, academic and digital communication. Particular attention is paid to the role of media, universities, corporations, and social networks as privileged sites of cultural and linguistic mediation. The findings highlight the ambivalent nature of discursive interference. On the one hand, it promotes lexical enrichment, communicative flexibility, internationalisation of register, and metalinguistic awareness. On the other hand, it entails risks of cultural flattening, loss of Italian pragmatic nuances, rhetorical homogenisation and misunderstandings, especially in the sensitive “critical zone” of politeness and turn-taking norms. The article concludes by arguing for a critical awareness of discursive interference and for linguistic-pragmatic education that can manage these processes, leveraging their potential for enrichment while limiting their most problematic effects on Italian communicative practices.

Humorous chronicles are full of implicit meanings. The implicit allow columnists to create a certain complicity with their readers and gives them the freedom to interpret the messages conveyed. The purpose of the chronicle is not to disseminate information, but to present it in a playful manner in order to attract readers and create a certain addiction to reading. In this contribution, we will study the occurrences of the word ‘yogurt’ in the column Point Zéro published by Chawki Amari from 2013 to 2021 in order to determine the functions of each type of implicit meaning and its contribution to exacerbating the ironic character of these chronicles. Originally, in language dictionaries, the word yoghurt is a monosemic word, it has only one literal meaning. But in speech, and as presented in Chawki Amari’s columns, it has several meanings. These meanings can only be understood when one resorts to the implicit. Some are presuppositions, others are implied, and still others are rhetorical meanings. Presuppositions are virtually non-existent in these columns because they do not allow the author to retract and shirk his responsibility as a reporter of information, whereas the primary purpose of a humorous column is not to inform, but to create a certain pleasure in reading and, above all, an ‘addiction’ to reading. Innuendo leaves room for interpretation and guarantees the freedom to understand what the author does not say explicitly. Rhetorical meaning is used by columnists to heighten the literary genre of the column and to build loyalty among readers who decipher the hidden meanings of words.

Media discourse is very important for our contemporary society and especially media journalistic one seems to be pivotal. It facilitates the spread of events, particularly in an electoral campaign. It serves as a liaison between on one hand the political parties and candidates who want to operate on its territory, and society at large on the other. But this reporting should have tried to follow the practice of professional journalism, which is rooted in objectivity and neutrality. It’s the nature of a political campaign environment to demand, particularly in print, a reported discourse that is more objective. Reported speech is an indispensable and inevitable tool in the press discourse. It allows one to relay the words of others differently in order to remain objective. The reporting journalist is tasked with maintaining neutrality by fading into their discourse, yet their stance often stands out. Their subjectivity may be revealed either implicitly or explicitly. They are continually embedded within their discourse. However, journalistic subjectivity can infiltrate at various levels, more or less subtly. This article aims to analyze the indices of subjectivity employed by journalists in the segments of reported speech from the independent Algerian French-language daily “El Watan.” Our analysis focuses on the electoral campaign for the legislative elections of May 2017, with the goal of examining manifestations of subjectivity in journalistic enunciation, particularly through reported speech. Our approach is situated within the framework of enunciative linguistics to highlight the indices of the journalist’s involvement in their discourse. This study investigates how journalists construct their viewpoints through reported speech.

Cultural journalists are considered “journalists with a difference” (Forde, 2003 : 113) and have the ability to stage “artistic exceptionalism” (Harries & Wahl-Jorgensen, 2007:619) by producing an epistemological relationship with different branches of cultural fields. In addition to attributing journalistic skills, professional overspecialization through training and cultural expertise gives journalists the legitimacy to produce knowledge (Forde, 2003). Media discourse thus focuses on types of explanatory, representational, or evaluative “savoir de connaissance” through which the expertise of cultural journalists is conveyed to their interlocutors (Charaudeau, 1997: 45-47). TVR Cultural is the only program in the Romanian media landscape that “brings culture back to the forefront in all its complexity”1 and encourages “critical thinking and debate”2, imposing influential issues in the debate on cultural phenomena. The moderators of cultural debate programmes develop various argumentative strategies designed to influence the process through three levels that correspond to communication situations: “the level of problematisation, the level of subject positioning and the level of probation” (Charaudeau, 2008). The research aims to bring into discussion the ways of influence that correspond to the process of organizing argumentative discourse at TVR Cultural, with the aim of highlighting the strength of the arguments, ideas and reasoning presented by cultural journalists (Charaudeau, 2008). Through the cultural debate shows “Intrare liberă”, “România Literară TV” and “4 cititori, o singură carte”, the public television aims to create a “space of dialogue”3 through “defining cultural themes for contemporary Romanian society”4 (“Intrare liberă”), to offer “a comprehensive 1 SRTv 2023 Activity Report, p. 5, available at: http://mediatvr.tvr.ro/media-tvr/other/202404/tvr-raport-de- activitate-2023--1-_40952100.pdf. 2 Ibidem, p. 125. 3 http://cultural.tvr.

Disinformation represents a significant threat to democracy, yet the role of key actors responsible for safeguarding a healthy information space remains unclear. This article explores how Romanian journalists perceive the effects of disinformation, the strategies they adopt to counter it, and the challenges encountered in this process. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 journalists working across online, offline, and hybrid media platforms, followed by an inductive thematic analysis of the collected data. Findings indicate that journalists seem to be aware of the social and professional implications of disinformation. Their main concern is that people have lost trust in the media. However, they don't seem engaged in combating the malign phenomenon through tactics such as debunking or prebanking. Their efforts are primarily concentrated on preventing the dissemination of false information by verifying content before publication. The verification practices employed tend to rely on traditional journalistic methods such as direct source verification, cross-checking multiple sources, and contextualizing information. This creates a structural asymmetry because journalists operate within time-intensive frameworks, whereas disinformation exploits instantaneous virality. One of the most significant challenges identified by participants is negative audience feedback, which often results in internal concerns about potential loss of audience. There is a tendency for journalists to abandon covering certain topics due to public pressure. Negative audience feedback is particularly discouraging for younger journalists working primarily in online newsrooms, where performance is closely tied to platform-driven metrics. From this perspective, Romanian journalism appears increasingly shaped by platform metrics, raising questions about the press’s autonomy and its future capacity to uphold democratic values and provide reliable information.

This study undertakes a comprehensive translational cartography of Eugeniu Coşeriu’s works explicitly devoted to translation theory. Its main objective is to identify the original languages in which these studies were written and to trace the subsequent trajectory of their translations, with particular attention to the philological, editorial, and terminological contexts in which each version emerged. Unlike previous research, which often mentions Coşeriu’s translation-theoretical writings only briefly or without distinguishing originals from translations, the present inquiry proposes a systematic clarification of the corpus, essential both conceptually and philologically. The investigation highlights that Coşeriu’s contributions to translation theory were originally produced in several languages (German, Spanish, Catalan, and French) and later circulated internationally through translations into Romanian, Portuguese, French, Russian, and additional Spanish versions. These translations were disseminated through academic journals, commemorative volumes, thematic anthologies, university press collections, and specialised linguistic series. The corpus examined covers publications from 1970 to 2023, demonstrating the long-standing scholarly interest in Coşeriu’s theoretical model. The analysis shows that translations played a central role not merely in disseminating but also in reshaping Coşeriu’s conceptual vocabulary. Terminological adaptations were often necessary to integrate his ideas into distinct linguistic and academic traditions. The article further assesses the heterogeneous and asynchronous patterns of reception across linguistic and cultural areas. German- and Spanish-speaking contexts show early and sustained engagement from the 1970s onward, while Romanian and French translations appeared considerably later, often due to local editorial dynamics and institutional factors.

This article explores the role of French and English in higher education in Algeria, through the lens of university teachers’ perceptions. It highlights the continued dominance of French, rooted in historical legacy and the education system, while also emphasizing the gradual rise of English, which has become essential in scientific research and employability. The analysis is based on a qualitative study conducted with university instructors, aiming to understand the tensions and complementarities between the two languages. The findings reveal the challenges of this linguistic coexistence and the adjustments needed for a better integration of English into the university landscape, without undermining the role of French. Although French remains the language of reference in Algerian universities, its position is increasingly being questioned in light of the expansion of English in scientific research, academic publishing, and international employment. However, this situation is not perceived as systematic rivalry. On the contrary, many teachers are calling for a balanced coexistence, where each language fulfills a complementary function in students’ academic careers. Far from being an obstacle, this linguistic duality can become an asset, provided that it is accompanied by coherent and appropriate language policies. The aim is to develop a university model in which proficiency in French allows students to participate in the national academic tradition, while proficiency in English opens the doors to international research and the globalized market. The ability to manage this linguistic transition intelligently and gradually will largely determine the success of Algerian universities in facing the challenges of the 21st century.

The recent decision to introduce English as a medium of instruction (EMI) in the scientific and technical streams of Algerian universities marks a major turning point in the country’s language policy. Our research focuses on the experience of teachers from scientific and technical disciplines at Djelfa’s Ziane Achour University. Adopting a qualitative approach, the study is based on data collected via a questionnaire administered to a targeted sample of 12 teachers from this university who actually attended the ministerial training course. The aim is to highlight the potential benefits, practical usefulness and general interest of this training program from the point of view of the teachers trained. The results highlight a paradox. On the one hand, teachers are generally in favor of EMI, and are aware of its potential benefits for the visibility of research, the attractiveness of the university, and the employability of students. On the other hand, they express a crying need for further training, not only to consolidate their language skills, but above all to acquire pedagogical tools adapted to teaching in English. The heterogeneity of students’ English levels, the lack of resources and time, and sometimes a form of resistance, are all challenges that complicate the transition. This is not to call into question the validity of the language policy, but to emphasize the importance of appropriate support. The success of the transition to EMI at the University of Djelfa, and more widely in Algeria, depends not only on a political decision, but also on teachers’ real needs being taken into account. With this in mind, it is important to recognize that high-quality in-service training, focused on the didactics of EMI, the sharing of best practices, and the provision of appropriate resources are basic conditions if this ambitious transition is to produce the expected positive effects.

This theoretical contribution suggests a teaching model inspired from Socrates’ method known as Socratic seminar. Thus, the literature on the ground has been structured into two parts. The former is about the historical context of Socratic seminar which relates the origin of the practice, and the latter is about the reviewed studies which questioned the perspectives of some authors who wrote about the issue. In this respect, Chorzempa & Lapidus (2009) maintain that Socratic seminar should be text-centered; Paul & Elder (2007) believe that the practice establishes a connection between discussion and critical thinking. In addition, Délic & Bécirovic (2016) emphasize on autonomy in learning. Finally, Adler (1982) and Paul (1990) assert that Socratic seminar builds confidence. Furthermore, some theories on which the reviewed studies are based on have been mobilized. Among them, there is the sociocultural theory of Vygotsky which stipulates that learning occurs through discussion, and interaction with more knowledgeable persons. Then, we have questioned the constructivist theory of Piaget and Bruner which informs that learners gain knowledge through personal experience and reflection rather spoon feeding. Freire’s critical pedagogy regards learning as an opportunity to foster critical consciousness and active engagement. Throughout this study, we have demonstrated that the literature has reinforced the theories. In other words, the literature is in line with the theoretical foundations. Consequently, as practical implication, Socratic seminar is highly recommended in the Senegalese context with large classes where some teachers are still sticking to the traditional method of teaching which is purely transmissive.

Before gaining independence, Senegal was an area that included a piece of French territory in the form of the four communes of Saint-Louis, Dakar, Gorée and Rufisque. Their geographical location made them areas of very important economic interest for the colonists (Portuguese, Dutch, English, French, etc.). Indeed, the colonists st them up as trading posts. In this article, we look at these communes from two angles. Saint-Louis was the capital of the AOF (French West Africa) and Dakar, the capital of the AOF after Saint-Louis, and is now the capital of Senegal. They have developed a very dense and more eclectic urban lexicon due to their role, particularly in terms of their administrative and institutional organization and mode of management. This is why they have a huge interest in the elements of place names that recall their cultural diversity, their role as national and transnational symbols, and their role as centers of decision-making and power. In the case of Gorée and Rufisque, now part of the Dakar region, the focus will be on heritage and cultural issues. First, we look at the question of naming and designating places. We will examine, then, the role of administrative and cultural factors in place naming. From an administrative perspective, housing or construction institutions undoubtedly have played a tremendous role, with many neighborhoods named after them. From a cultural perspective, we will focus on the “creation of a heritage of memory” and the impact of traditional endogenous practices for the choice of names in different places.

This article highlights the modalities of negation in Kepar. Negation, which manifests as refusal, is a feature present in all languages, whether written or spoken. Indeed, negation in Kepar takes two main forms: simple negation and what we call “categorical” negation. The grammatical structure of Kepar provides it with a wealth of class morphemes that appear at the end of sentences. Simple negation is represented by [jà], [mà̰], and [wà]. In Kepar literature, it simply means “not.” The integration of these simple negation morphemes into the sentence follows a rigorous construction logic; it is possible to predict the context of each morpheme. “Categorical” negation, on the other hand, is marked by the categorical morpheme [dì]. The structure of categorical negation is dì + the simple negation morpheme. In Kepar, there is no categorical negation without a prior simple negation. It is the categorical morpheme [dì] that semantically charges the simple negation morpheme, thus conferring upon it the “categorical” character. The categorical morpheme is postposed to the simple negation morpheme; it is literally interpreted as [dì + MNS] = “More.” It would not be an exaggeration to use all the superlatives of simple negation (not at all, not at all, never…) to attribute its categorical character to the utterance. Negation in Kepar is a very interesting element of descriptive analysis given the plethora of negation morphemes. However, it is also an aspect to be approached and analyzed with circumspection, because a hasty interpretation, not taking into account the contexts of occurrence, could classify negative utterances as objections. The prediction of negative statements (simple and categorical) is ensured by the theory of generative and transformational grammar with its newborn, Chomsky’s minimalist program.

The study interprets Dante Alighieri’s projection, in the Divine Comedy, on the knowledge to which human consciousness has access and on its sources. Especially through a comparative analysis with Augustine’s vision, in De Magistro (On the Teacher), Dante’s assumed distance from Christian thought and from inherited dogma is highlighted, in a poetic approach of a prophetic type that affirms a surprising gnosis of his own. For Dante, being a poet is too little. Poetry is a path, a weapon even, capable of satisfying another need of the Dantean spirit: the affirmation of one’s own self as a generator of vision, through the love of the one he calls “The Chosen One” - Beatrice. Thus, the poet Dante works for Dante - the prophet. He uses his grace to prophesy to us his own teaching about the afterlife, about man and God, a teaching that comes to him through Beatrice. She is Dante’s guide, his advisor and his Teacher/Master. By inventing Beatrice, Dante develops a very aggressive ethical imagination, in a volcanic inner dynamic, opposed to the rational Christian soul. Beatrice is an alter-ego of Dante. And the otherness invented by Dante is for him a knowing consciousness, in the sense that it does not approximate the truth, but knows the truth completely. In the internal logic of Dante’s world, Beatrice is the “Chosen One”. Starting from here, Dante breaks away, in a profound sense, from all Christian thought and creates his own gnosis, dressed in Christian representations. Dante needs a grand scenario through which he himself becomes a chosen one, that is, a superior being and different from the crowd, who has access to the divine mysteries, an initiate.

Elena Niculiţă-Voronca’s study is one of the most comprehensive and valuable collections of Romanian folklore, structured in a mythological order established by the folklorist, reflecting the popular view of the world and its origins. In a context of renewed interest in founding myths, Elena Niculiţă-Voronca’s volume takes on renewed importance. At the center of the analysis are the myths of genesis – legends, stories, and beliefs about the creation of heaven and earth, of man and other beings, of natural phenomena. Collected more than a century ago, these mythical fragments reveal the presence of dual divinity in the act of creation, typical of the archaic Romanian collective imagination. Water as a primordial element, clay used to create man and other beings, through the participation of the supreme Creator and a co-creator, are recurring themes, also found in Tudor Pamfile’s Romanian Mythology. The texts in the chapters on genesis reflect a complex syncretism between pre-Christian myths, biblical myth, and popular Romanian Christianity, as well as the preservation of archetypes that highlight the archaic mentality. In the context of the era, when Romanian ethnographic studies were in the process of consolidation, his contribution was essential for creating a solid documentary basis for Romanian folk mythology. By organizing customs and beliefs “in mythological order”, Elena Niculiţă-Voronca has succeeded in providing a narrative and symbolic map of the Romanian folk cosmos, thus highlighting the importance of creation myths as fundamental expressions of traditional culture. These myths reveal the beliefs of Romanians in archaic society regarding the role of opposing deities and the complex relationships between good and evil.

Our article explores how the horror genre, and more specifically the zombie subgenre, reflects and comments on broader cultural anxieties. Horror films featuring zombies serve as barometers of cultural anxieties, examining and undermining the norms and policies of contemporary capitalism by using monsters as metaphors for economic and social crisis. Horror films featuring zombies function as discursive artifacts and spaces of ideological conflict that contribute to both reinforcing and disseminating cultural norms, but also to challenging them. The analysis provides sufficient arguments to consider the genre as either fundamentally conservative, acting to support the status quo by demonizing and destroying the unknown, or radical and transformative, challenging norms while exposing societal fears. Horror films could be considered a reactionary genre because they prefer to look elsewhere for reasons to explain the difficulties society is going through, ignoring the real sources of the problems and blaming the disintegration of society on nebulous causes. They can also be considered the secretion of a reactionary ideology because they envision the solution to the fragility and insecurity of the world we live in by giving up some freedoms within a closed, quasi-totalitarian society. As privileged expressions of popular culture, these dark stories simultaneously mediate the thesis and antithesis, being symbolic spaces in which hegemonic and counter-hegemonic discourses confront each other. These films can be read either as carriers of reactionary messages, because they nostalgically evoke, under the guise of destruction, fundamental values of society, or as expressions of the will to restructure society.

Between 1880 and 1910, in multiethnic Bukovina each ethno-confessional community had a cultural life marked by a certain autonomy, possible thanks to the cultivation of the mother tongue and the existence of religious freedom. Romanians, Germans, Ukrainians, Jews, Poles, including smaller communities of Hungarians or Armenians, preserved their own traditions. But, after a hundred years of Austrian administration, based on a strong centralization of political and economic decisions especially until 1860, combined with a functional autonomy in 1880, segregation was largely replaced by political competition and socio-political and cultural communication. Modernization spoke its mind and produced changes and consequences. Each larger ethnic group in Bukovina fought during this period to acquire a form of power and influence. The struggle to assert one’s own identity in the socio- political, economic and religious space, tempered by a certain tradition of tolerance and mutual respect. At the same time, Romanians, Ukrainians, Germans, Jews or Poles had to take into account the Bukovina ethno-confessional reality and, often, strove not to neglect the interests, sensitivities of others, always having in mind the construction of a particular, even privileged relationship with the central Viennese power. There was in this Bukovina a complex dynamic of the closure and opening of ethnicities and communities towards each other. Each community made an effort to preserve its national specificity, but sometimes it also became receptive to what was happening within the other communities. The Romanian community seemed more united than divided; the project was fighting for being the union with the Kingdom of Romania or, at least, the preservation of rights, of its own culture and of its mother tongue.

Dans son livre le plus récent, Pour un traitement interdisciplinaire des représentations et idéologies sociolinguistiques, Henri Boyer propose une réflexion approfondie sur les représentations sociales et les idéologies linguistiques, en mettant en avant la nécessité d'une approche interdisciplinaire. S'inscrivant dans le champ de la sociolinguistique, le livre s'appuie également sur les apports de la psychologie sociale, de l'anthropologie et des sciences cognitives afin de mieux comprendre les rapports complexes que les sociétés entretiennent avec les langues. L'auteur montre que les représentations sociolinguistiques jouent un rôle central dans la construction des attitudes linguistiques, des comportements langagiers et des politiques linguistiques. Ces représentations, partagées collectivement, influencent la valorisation ou la dévalorisation des langues et participent à l'instauration de hiérarchies linguistiques.

L'ouvrage s'appuie sur les recherches que l'auteur a entreprises à partir des années 1990 dans le domaine des représentations collectives et des idéologies sociolinguistiques et réalise une synthèse en 11 chapitres des principaux thèmes abordés au long de sa carrière. Le livre commence par une partie théorique, « Préalables », où il reprend des notions et des concepts clés comme celui de représentation, stéréotype, idéologie, imaginaire, comportements, à partir des recherches de la psychologie sociale et de la sociologie d'Abric, de Doise et de Jodelet pour continuer avec une analyse des fonctionnements médiatiques du stéréotype, « économe, stable, consensuel : autant de qualités qui rendent le stéréotype communicationnellement rentable » (p. 20).